New points regarding recommended requirements for vitamin D and Calcium
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vu Thi Thu Hien, PhD. Dr. Tran Thuy Nga - National Institute of Nutrition
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus well to form and maintain a strong skeletal and dental system. Vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to rickets, and in adults, it causes osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Recently, studies have also shown that Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for many non-skeletal diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. Therefore, determining the recommended Vitamin D requirement for the community is very important, contributing to the prevention of many diseases related to this micronutrient.
The Vitamin D requirement is the Vitamin D intake that can ensure the body is not deficient in Vitamin D, through testing the 25(OH)D content in the blood. Previously, it was thought that the Vitamin D requirement for both adults and children only needed to be 200-400 IU/day (adults from 50 years old and older have higher Vitamin D requirements), with the estimate that the body's Vitamin D is also synthesized from the skin. However, recently, more and more studies in both children and adults have shown that a requirement of 400 IU/day is not enough to ensure that the 25(OH)D content in the blood is always maintained at a normal level, especially in pregnant and lactating women, as well as in the elderly.
In Vietnam, the recommended requirement for Vitamin D in 2007 was 200 IU/day for children and adults (including pregnant and lactating women), 400 IU/day for people aged 51-60, and 600 IU/day for people >60 years old. But evidence from recent epidemiological studies in Vietnamese people also shows that the rate of Vitamin D deficiency in Vietnamese people in recent years is very high compared to surrounding countries, across all ages and physiological states. Therefore, this Vitamin D recommended requirement table has been updated according to the recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine in 2011, in which the Vitamin D requirement for children The problem of Vitamin D excess causing toxicity rarely occurs. If you only eat natural foods and sunbathe, there is no risk of Vitamin D excess. However, if you take Vitamin D supplements or eat foods fortified with Vitamin D, you also need to pay attention to the maximum limit that can have a negative effect on health; this limit for children
New points regarding calcium recommended requirements:
Calcium helps the body form a strong skeletal and dental system, ensuring normal nerve function and blood clotting. Calcium is necessary for metabolic processes in the body. The human body really needs calcium, especially for children, women, and the elderly. A lack of calcium in the diet, poor calcium absorption, and/or excessive loss of calcium leads to mineralization disorders in the bones. Chronic calcium deficiency (due to poor calcium absorption in the small intestine, due to an insufficient calcium diet, etc.) is one of the important causes leading to decreased bone density, causing osteoporosis in adults and rickets in children.
When blood calcium decreases, the body must mobilize calcium from the bones into the blood to participate in metabolic processes, causing symptoms of bone pain, especially in the long bones of growing children; in addition, it can cause insomnia and irritability. Long-term calcium deficiency in the diet is associated with the development of high blood pressure and colon cancer.
The calcium (Ca) requirement of the body is determined in relation to Phosphorus (P): the desired minimum Ca/P ratio is > 0.8 at all ages, ideally 1-1.5 (especially for children). According to the recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2011), while also referring to studies in Vietnamese people and Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, etc.), the recommended nutritional requirement for calcium (mg/day) by age, gender, and physiological state for Vietnamese people is given as follows: the calcium requirement for children from 6-11 months is 400 mg/day, children 1-2 years old is 500 mg/day, 3-5 years old is 600 mg/day, 6-7 years old is 650 mg/day, 8-9 years old is 700 mg/day, 10-19 years old and people ≥ 70 years old is 1000 mg/day, adults 20-49 years old and men 50-69 years old is 800 mg/day, women 50-69 years old is 900 mg/day, pregnant women is 1200 mg/day, and lactating women is 1300 mg/day.
When the amount of calcium ingested is excessive, calcium will be excreted from the body, so cases of excess calcium in the blood or excess storage in tissues due to consuming too much calcium are very rare. However, when using high-dose, prolonged calcium medication, it can lead to kidney stones, high blood calcium, inefficient kidney function, and reduced absorption of other necessary minerals (e.g., iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, copper).
Source: viendinhduong.vn
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vu Thi Thu Hien, PhD. Dr. Tran Thuy Nga - National Institute of Nutrition
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus well to form and maintain a strong skeletal and dental system. Vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to rickets, and in adults, it causes osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Recently, studies have also shown that Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for many non-skeletal diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. Therefore, determining the recommended Vitamin D requirement for the community is very important, contributing to the prevention of many diseases related to this micronutrient.
The Vitamin D requirement is the Vitamin D intake that can ensure the body is not deficient in Vitamin D, through testing the 25(OH)D content in the blood. Previously, it was thought that the Vitamin D requirement for both adults and children only needed to be 200-400 IU/day (adults from 50 years old and older have higher Vitamin D requirements), with the estimate that the body's Vitamin D is also synthesized from the skin. However, recently, more and more studies in both children and adults have shown that a requirement of 400 IU/day is not enough to ensure that the 25(OH)D content in the blood is always maintained at a normal level, especially in pregnant and lactating women, as well as in the elderly.
In Vietnam, the recommended requirement for Vitamin D in 2007 was 200 IU/day for children and adults (including pregnant and lactating women), 400 IU/day for people aged 51-60, and 600 IU/day for people >60 years old. But evidence from recent epidemiological studies in Vietnamese people also shows that the rate of Vitamin D deficiency in Vietnamese people in recent years is very high compared to surrounding countries, across all ages and physiological states. Therefore, this Vitamin D recommended requirement table has been updated according to the recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine in 2011, in which the Vitamin D requirement for children The problem of Vitamin D excess causing toxicity rarely occurs. If you only eat natural foods and sunbathe, there is no risk of Vitamin D excess. However, if you take Vitamin D supplements or eat foods fortified with Vitamin D, you also need to pay attention to the maximum limit that can have a negative effect on health; this limit for children
New points regarding calcium recommended requirements:
Calcium helps the body form a strong skeletal and dental system, ensuring normal nerve function and blood clotting. Calcium is necessary for metabolic processes in the body. The human body really needs calcium, especially for children, women, and the elderly. A lack of calcium in the diet, poor calcium absorption, and/or excessive loss of calcium leads to mineralization disorders in the bones. Chronic calcium deficiency (due to poor calcium absorption in the small intestine, due to an insufficient calcium diet, etc.) is one of the important causes leading to decreased bone density, causing osteoporosis in adults and rickets in children.
When blood calcium decreases, the body must mobilize calcium from the bones into the blood to participate in metabolic processes, causing symptoms of bone pain, especially in the long bones of growing children; in addition, it can cause insomnia and irritability. Long-term calcium deficiency in the diet is associated with the development of high blood pressure and colon cancer.
The calcium (Ca) requirement of the body is determined in relation to Phosphorus (P): the desired minimum Ca/P ratio is > 0.8 at all ages, ideally 1-1.5 (especially for children). According to the recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2011), while also referring to studies in Vietnamese people and Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, etc.), the recommended nutritional requirement for calcium (mg/day) by age, gender, and physiological state for Vietnamese people is given as follows: the calcium requirement for children from 6-11 months is 400 mg/day, children 1-2 years old is 500 mg/day, 3-5 years old is 600 mg/day, 6-7 years old is 650 mg/day, 8-9 years old is 700 mg/day, 10-19 years old and people ≥ 70 years old is 1000 mg/day, adults 20-49 years old and men 50-69 years old is 800 mg/day, women 50-69 years old is 900 mg/day, pregnant women is 1200 mg/day, and lactating women is 1300 mg/day.
When the amount of calcium ingested is excessive, calcium will be excreted from the body, so cases of excess calcium in the blood or excess storage in tissues due to consuming too much calcium are very rare. However, when using high-dose, prolonged calcium medication, it can lead to kidney stones, high blood calcium, inefficient kidney function, and reduced absorption of other necessary minerals (e.g., iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, copper).
Source: viendinhduong.vn
